A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Strictly speaking, a semiconductor is a material with an electrical conductivity between that of an insulator and that of a conductor. Semiconductors can be single elements such as silicon or germanium or compounds such as gallium arsenide or indium phosphide. In day to day usage, however, the term "semiconductor" more frequently refers to the components manufactured from semiconductor materials.
- L-band
The group of radio frequencies extending from 390 MHz to 1550 MHz. The GPS carrier fre-quencies (1227.6 MHz and 1575.42 MHz) are in the L-band.
- Ladder Principle
A principle used to order waste management methods in terms of their environmental acceptability or friendliness. The most environmentally acceptable waste management method is to reduce the amount of waste being produced (prevention), followed by reuse of the waste or components of the waste (reuse, reclaim, recycle, recovery), followed by reuse of the energy content of the waste through burning with heat recovery, followed by incineration or other destruction techniques, with landfilling as the least environmentally acceptable waste management method. Also known as the waste management hierarchy.
- LAD dose
Lowest Acceptable Daily dose
- LAER
Lowest Achievable Emission Rate
- LAN
Local Area Network
- Landfilling
The controlled deposition in or on the ground of wastes. Landfills are more sophisticated versions of waste dumps, places where historically wastes were just dumped in or on the ground. Current landfill design generally requires use of impermeable liners and leachate and biogas collection systems, all landfills must be authorized and their authorization requires the use of strict management practices designed to reduce the impact of landfills on the environment, finally when they are full their owners are generally required to close them in a manner which will ensure that the wastes they contain will continue to not impact the environment. Landfills are currently mostly used for disposing of urban wastes, although they are also used for industrial solid wastes which are not easily burned or otherwise destroyed. Several countries, including France and Italy, are moving towards the elimination of all landfills unless absolutely required.
- Lapping
Operation to reduce thickness of silicon wafer after fabrication steps. This is necessary because initially the silicon wafer must be thick to withstand the high temperature processing steps, but it must be reduced to achieve the desired electrical characteristics.
- Laptop
Portable personal computer small enough to hold in your lap.
- LAPUT
Light-Activated Programmable Uni-junction Transistor
- LAS
Linear Alkyl Sulphonate
- LASER
Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation
- L.A.T.C.H
A cascade TQM training program, divided into the following stages:
Learn
Apply
Teach
CHeck
- Latch up
1) In an electrical circuit this refers to when the circuit is conducting and hold this state.
2) In CMOS this refers to the parasitic conduction that occurs when the parasitic n-p-n and p-n-p transistors get turned on.
- Laterial PNP transistor
An integrated transistor that is made in such a way that the transistor action is laterally across the surface of the diffusions rather than vertically through the N and P diffusions.
- Layout
The operation of arranging the elements of an integrated circuit design and interconnecting them. The layout designer starts with an electrical diagram of the circuit to be created and delivers the finished layout in the form of a PG tape.
- LBA
Laser Beam Analysis
- LBGA
Low-profile Fine pitch Ball Grid Array
Low-profile Ball Grid Array with pitch less than 1.0mm.
- LC
1) Liquid Chromathography
2) Lethal Concentration
- LC50
Lethal Concentration - 50 percent
(the concentration that kills 50 percent of the test organisms)
- LCC
Leadless Chip Carrier
- LCA
Life Cycle Assessment
- LCC
Leadless Chip Carrier
- LCD
1) Liquid Crystal Display
A digital display mechanism made up of character-forming segments of a liquid crystal material sandwiched between polarising and reflecting pieces of glass.
2) Light Changing Diode
- LCDC
Low Cost Digital Camera
- LCI
Life Cycle Inventory
- LCLO
Lethal concentration, low
(the lowest concentration that kills test organisms)
- LCM
1) Life Cycle Management
2) Least/Lowest Common Multiple
- LD
1) Latest Date
2) Lethal Dose
3) Line Driver
- LD50
Lethal Dose - 50 percent
- LDC
London Dumping Convention
- LDLO
Lethal Dose, low
(the lowest dosage that kills test organisms)
- LDMOS
Lateral Double-diffused Metal Oxide Silicon
- LDP
LLaser Disk Player
- LDPE
Low density polyethylene
- Leachate
Water that has migrated through and escaped from a landfill site. The water contains dissolved and suspended material extracted from the waste, some of which can be toxic. Unless it is collected, leachate will eventually contaminate the underlying aquifer.
- Lead
One of the external connections of an integrated circuit or transistor
- Lead (Pb)
One of a group of metallic elements classified as heavy metals. It is a poor conductor of electricity and heat. It is a very soft and malleable metal, and was historically used to make water pipes. In old houses which still have such piping, drinking water can be contaminated with lead. More modern drinking water pipes can also be contaminated with lead if lead-based soldering material has been used. It forms both inorganic and organic compounds. Organic lead compounds are used as anti-knocking agents in leaded gasoline, which has led to a considerable dispersion of lead in city streets and land along roads. The latter has led to widespread, low-level contamination of foods. A common use of inorganic lead compounds has been as a pigment in paints, so many old houses and buildings have leaded paint. Lead is extremely toxic to humans as well as to other living beings. Currently, it is the only non-carcinogenic substance where toxicologists believe there is no threshold below which it has no effects. Overexposure to this metal can cause damage to circulatory, digestive, and central nervous systems. Children less than six years old are considered the most susceptible. Atmospheric levels have dropped sharply in countries where leaded gasoline has been phased out.
- Lead forming
The operation of bending the leads of an integrated circuit to the desired shape.
- Lead frame
In the packaging of integrated circuits and transistors, the leadframe is the metal frame onto which a die is attached and bonded. Parts of the leadframe become the external connections of the circuit.
- LED
1) Light Emitting Diode
A compound semiconductor device that emits light whenever current passes through it.
2) Luminescent Electro Diode
- LEDC
Low End Digital Camera
- LEL
Lower Explosive Limit
- LEO
Low Earth Orbit
Satellite
- LEP
Light Emitting Polymer Displays
- LFBGA
Low-profile Ball Grid Array less than 1.7 mm total height.
- LFL
Lower Flammable Limit
- LGA
Land Grid Array
- LI
Liquid Photo Imageable
Type of high density solder mask.
- Library
Group of computing data representing a function or a component, in the form of symbols, models, diagrams and layout, used by CAD systems for designing integrated circuits.
- LIC
Linear Integrated Circuit
- Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
A methodology used to evaluate and quantify all the environmental impacts which a product can have "from cradle to grave", i.e. during its manufacture, during its distribution to the end-users, during use and finally when disposed of. More extended LCA also evaluate and quantify all the environmental impacts from the raw materials used in the product back to the original raw materials (the ores which were mined, the crude oil which was extracted, etc.).
- LIFO
Last In, First Out
- LIGBT
Lateral Insulated-gate Bipolar Transistor
- Line width
Width of an opaque line. Usually refers to a dimension on a mask or a feature on an IC.
- Linear device
An amplifying-type (or analog) device, as opposed to digital device.
- Linear circuit
A circuit whose output is an amplified version of its input or whose output is a predetermined variation of its input.
- Lithography
The transfer of a pattern or image from one medium to another, as from a mask to a wafer. If light is used to effect the transfer, the term, "photolithography" applies. "Microlithography" refers to the process as applied to images with features in the submicron range.
- Livonia
Small town on outskirts of Detroit (USA). Location of ST's North American Automotive Business Unit.
- LLRW
Low Level Radioactive Waste
- LMFBR
Liquid-Metal Fast Breeder Reactor
- LMI
Link Management Processing
- LNBP
Low Noise Block
Set-top box application
- LNG
Liquefied Natural Gas
- LOA
Letter of Agreement
- LOAEL
Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level
- Logic circuits
An interconnection of individual, combinational and sequential logic circuits perform control and computation using digital techniques.
- Logic family
Each "family" of IC is manufactured with one particular technology. Logic families cover a wide range of devices providing anything from basic Boolean logic functions to highly complex functional combinations capable of division, addition, etc... Some devices contain a set of elementary logic sub-devices which can be connected by means of electrical programming to form quite complex customized circuits. These devices are used in simple electronic systems and as "glue" between the microprocessor and memory chips in more complex systems.
- Logic Gate
A circuit that accepts one or more than one input and always produces a single predictable output.
- LOI
Letter of Intent
- LORAN
LOng RAnge Navigation
- LP
1) Low Power
2) Low Pass
- LPC
Linear Predictive Coding
Low Pin Count
- LPCVD
Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition
A chemical vapor deposition process that takes place at moderate temperatures.
- LPG
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
- LPM
Lines Per Minute
- LPR
Linear Post Regulatorn
- LPSRAM
Low Power Random Access Memory
- LPT
Line PrinTer
- LPTTL
Low Power Transistor-Transistor Logic
- LRR
Lot Rejection Rate
% of lots rejected at final QC1 or incoming inspection relative to total lots tested.
- LRU
Least Recent Used
- LRVS
Linear Voltage Ramp Stress
- LSA
1) Logistic Support Analysis
The selective application of scientific and engineering efforts undertaken during the acquisition process to assist in complying with supportability and other ILS (Integrated Logistic Support) objectives.
2) Logic States Analyser
- LSB
Least Significant Bit
- LSI
Large Scale Integration
An IC containing 100-1000 circuits.
- LSL
Lower Statistical Limit
- LSTTL
Low-power Schottky TTL
The power dissipation of LSTTL is typically one-fifth that of conventional TTL.
- L/T
Longitudinal/transversal (balance)
- LT
Lead Time
- LTD
1) Long Term Disability
2) Limited
- LT Debt
Long Term Debt
- LTPD
Lot Tolerance Percent Defectives
- LV
Low Voltage
- LVD
Low Voltage Detector
- LVDS
Low Voltage Differential Signal
- LVS
Layout Versus Schematic
Software for checking conformity of the layout with respect to the circuit electrical diagram.
- LUST
Leaking Underground Storage Tank
- LW
Long Wave
- LWR
Light-Water Reactor
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